diff 56bc728..f6bf760 nef_adjoint_numerical_divisors_v2.txt
diff --git a/nef_adjoint_numerical_divisors_v2.txt b/nef_adjoint_numerical_divisors_v2.txt
index 1ae32d0..eae29f7 100644
--- a/nef_adjoint_numerical_divisors_v2.txt
+++ b/nef_adjoint_numerical_divisors_v2.txt
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ maketitle
# Introduction
-A divisor D on a projective variety is nef if Dcdot Cge 0
+A divisor D on a projective variety is nef if D· Cge 0
for every integral curve C, and semiample if some positive
multiple mD is globally generated, so that mD defines a morphism to
projective space. Nefness is numerical and semiampleness is geometric;
@@ -132,12 +132,12 @@ Shape of the proof.: Two simultaneous inductions on the
dimension n=dim X organise the argument.
[(P_n)] Suppose T=K_X+B is pseudo-effective, M is a nef
Q-Cartier divisor on a projective klt Q-pair (X,B) of dimension
-n, and there is a rational a>0 such that (T+aM)cdot C>0 for
+n, and there is a rational a>0 such that (T+aM)· C>0 for
every integral curve C through a very general point of X. Then
T+cM is big for every rational c>0.
[(Z_n)] Under the same hypotheses, without the
very-general-curve condition, there is a projective birational model
-wcolon Wto X from a smooth projective W such that the positive
+w: Wto X from a smooth projective W such that the positive
part P_sigma(w^*(T+M)) of the divisorial Zariski decomposition is a
rational divisor numerically equivalent to a semiample Q-divisor on
W.
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ Extension to klt Calabi--Yau pairs.: Once
Theorem~thm:key-ingredient is proved for terminal X with trivial
boundary, Section~sec:completion extends it in two steps. First,
a klt X with K_Xequiv 0 admits a finite quasi-'etale index-one
-cover picolon X^{ind}to X with K_{X^{ind}}sim 0
+cover pi: X^{ind}to X with K_{X^{ind}}sim 0
and canonical singularities; a crepant terminalization then gives a
terminal Q-factorial widetilde Xto X^{ind}. Full nef
dimension and bigness both survive the finite quasi-'etale cover, so
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ each appearance.
A Q-pair (X,B) consists of a normal projective variety X,
an effective rational boundary B, and a Q-Cartier divisor K_X+B.
-Log discrepancies are defined on a log resolution hcolon Yto X,
+Log discrepancies are defined on a log resolution h: Yto X,
via the equality K_Y+B_Y=h^*(K_X+B): a prime divisor Esubset Y
with coefficient b_E in B_Y carries log discrepancy 1-b_E.
The pair is klt if all log discrepancies are positive and
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ The symbols sim_Q and equiv denote rational linear and numerical
equivalence. A divisor D is pseudo-effective if its class in
N^1(X)_R lies in the closure of the cone generated by effective
divisors; big if its class lies in the interior of that cone;
-nef if Dcdot Cge0 for every integral curve C. A divisor
+nef if D· Cge0 for every integral curve C. A divisor
is semiample if some positive multiple is globally generated.
The Iitaka dimension kappa(D) is the maximal dimension of
the image of a map defined by a linear system |kD|, for k verifying
@@ -316,11 +316,11 @@ countable.
For a nef divisor N on a projective variety, the nef
reduction [cite] is an almost holomorphic dominant
-rational map picolon Xdashrightarrow Z with connected compact
+rational map pi: Xdashrightarrow Z with connected compact
general fibres such that:
N|_Fequiv0 on a very general compact fibre F;
if C is a curve through a very general point of X not
-contracted by pi, then Ncdot C>0.
+contracted by pi, then N· C>0.
The base dimension dim Z is the nef dimension n(X,N). It
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ delta_ito 0. Each D+delta_iA is big, so there is an effective
rational divisor E_isim_Q D+delta_iA. A point outside the
countable union ∪_iSupp E_i is very general, and every curve
C through such a point meets no Supp E_i. Therefore
-(D+delta_iA)cdot Cge0 for every i, and Dcdot Cge0 after
+(D+delta_iA)· Cge0 for every i, and D· Cge0 after
letting ito∞.
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ For a projective klt Q-pair (X,B) and a nef Q-Cartier divisor
M on X, write T=K_X+B. Assume T is pseudo-effective, and
consider the following condition: for some ainQ_{>0},
- (T+aM)cdot C>0
+ (T+aM)· C>0
quadfor every integral curve C through a very general point of X.
Note that T+aM need not be nef; the condition is on the class it
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ pseudo-effective, and suppose (eq:full-condition) holds for some
rational a>0. Then T+cM is big for every rational c>0.
[(Z_n)] Under the same hypotheses on (X,B), M, T but
without (eq:full-condition), there is a projective birational
-morphism wcolon Wto X from a smooth projective variety such that
+morphism w: Wto X from a smooth projective variety such that
P_sigma(w^*(T+M)) is rational and numerically equivalent to a
semiample Q-divisor on W.
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ nef rational Cartier b-divisor data. Every
(K_V+Delta+N_V)-negative extremal ray has an integral rational curve
generator C with
[
- -4nle (K_V+Delta+N_V)cdot C < 0.
+ -4nle (K_V+Delta+N_V)· C < 0.
]
The contraction, and the flip when it is small, can be realized using
an ordinary klt adjoint negative on the same ray. Birational
@@ -536,12 +536,12 @@ Set G=K_V+Delta+N_V and fix a G-negative extremal ray generated
by R. Choose an ample rational divisor A on V and a rational
eta>0 small enough that G+eta A is still negative on R, and
such that
--(G+eta A)cdotgammage-tfrac12 Gcdotgamma for every nonzero
+-(G+eta A)·gammage-tfrac12 G·gamma for every nonzero
class gamma on R.
We need to represent G+eta A as an ordinary klt adjoint. Because
the b-divisor mathbf NbfN may not descend to V, work upstairs.
-Choose a projective log resolution hcolon V'to V carrying
+Choose a projective log resolution h: V'to V carrying
mathbf NbfN as a locally free sheaf, and write
[
K_{V'}+Delta'+N'=h^*G
@@ -565,12 +565,12 @@ negativity lemma.
The ordinary cone theorem for the klt pair (V,Θ) gives a
rational curve generator C of the ray with
[
- 0<-(G+eta A)cdot Cle2n.
+ 0<-(G+eta A)· Cle2n.
]
The chain
--(G+eta A)cdot Cge-tfrac12 Gcdot C
-gives -Gcdot Cle 4n.
-The contraction ccolon Vto S of the ray for G is the contraction
+-(G+eta A)· Cge-tfrac12 G· C
+gives -G· Cle 4n.
+The contraction c: Vto S of the ray for G is the contraction
of the same ray for the ordinary klt pair (V,Θ), by
cone-contraction uniqueness, and the flip behaves identically: since
Pic(V/S) is one-dimensional, there is a rational lambda>0 with
@@ -668,14 +668,14 @@ generalized pair with coefficient s is generalized klt. For a
]
together with nefness of U_i shows the ray is
(U_i+sN_i)-negative. Pick its rational curve generator C from
-Lemma~lemma:generalized-ray-bound. If U_icdot C>0,
-integrality of the free dU_i gives U_icdot Cge1/d, so
+Lemma~lemma:generalized-ray-bound. If U_i· C>0,
+integrality of the free dU_i gives U_i· Cge1/d, so
[
- (U_i+s_0N_i)cdot C
+ (U_i+s_0N_i)· C
ge(1-s_0/s)/(d)-4n(s_0)/(s)>0
]
by (eq:small-nef-coefficient); contradiction. Thus
-U_icdot C=0.
+U_i· C=0.
The morphism defined by the free dU_i is constant on each fibre of
the extremal contraction, so it descends to the base; pulling back to
@@ -713,12 +713,12 @@ nonnegative, hence zero, degree along F. The strict lift
widetilde Csubset W avoids the effective exceptional divisors
E_0,E_1. Both equalities in (eq:two-comparisons) then give
[
- p^*Tcdotwidetilde C=p^*Mcdotwidetilde C=0.
+ p^*T·widetilde C=p^*M·widetilde C=0.
]
The image p(widetilde C) passes through the chosen very general
-point of X. Hence (T+aM)cdot p(widetilde C)>0 by
+point of X. Hence (T+aM)· p(widetilde C)>0 by
(eq:full-condition), but the two equalities above give
-(T+aM)cdot p(widetilde C)=0.
+(T+aM)· p(widetilde C)=0.
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ Proof.
After a small Q-factorialization, apply
Lemma~lemma:two-nef-model to obtain the model (Y,B_Y), its
transforms N, U, and the rational s_0>0. Let
-hcolon Yto S be the contraction defined by the semiample divisor
+h: Yto S be the contraction defined by the semiample divisor
U. Since U is semiample, there is an ample rational divisor
A_S on S with Usim_Q h^*A_S, and
dim S=kappa(X,T)>0. Set Q=U+s_0N.
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ numbers with
]
Suppose also A_0=K_Y+D_0+L_0 is big and
- A_0cdot P_0^{f-1}le C_1 P_0^f.
+ A_0· P_0^{f-1}le C_1 P_0^f.
Then
@@ -911,18 +911,18 @@ map defined by H is birational onto its image; H is nef and big.
In the rest of this proof, P_0 and L_0 denote pullbacks to
widetilde Y. Effectivity of F and nefness of P_0 give
- Hcdot P_0^{f-1}le m_f C_1 P_0^f.
+ H· P_0^{f-1}le m_f C_1 P_0^f.
-For fge2, put s_i=P_0^{f-i}cdot H^i for 0le ile f.
+For fge2, put s_i=P_0^{f-i}· H^i for 0le ile f.
Both divisors are nef and big, so each s_i is positive. The
Khovanskii--Teissier inequalities
cite[Corollary~1.6.3(i) and Example~1.6.4]{LazarsfeldPAGI}, namely
s_i^2ge s_{i-1}s_{i+1}, show that the ratios s_i/s_{i-1} are
decreasing; hence
- P_0cdot H^{f-1}
- le P_0^f(frac{Hcdot P_0^{f-1}}{P_0^f})^{f-1}
+ P_0· H^{f-1}
+ le P_0^f(frac{H· P_0^{f-1}}{P_0^f})^{f-1}
le (m_f C_1)^{f-1} C_0.
Choose a very general point yinwidetilde Y in the isomorphism
@@ -934,16 +934,16 @@ general members meet in an effective curve cycle with class
H^{f-1}; the component C through y is a curve because the
local equations are independent. Nefness of P_0 gives
[
- P_0cdot Cle P_0cdot H^{f-1}.
+ P_0· Cle P_0· H^{f-1}.
]
The curve C is not contracted by mu, and its image passes
through the very general point mu(y). Full nef dimension and
-integrality therefore give L_0cdot Cge1. Since P_0-rL_0 is
-nef, we obtain P_0cdot Cge r, which together with
+integrality therefore give L_0· Cge1. Since P_0-rL_0 is
+nef, we obtain P_0· Cge r, which together with
(j:mixed-degree) proves (j:bounded-curve-obstruction).
If f=1, take C=Y directly; then
-P_0cdot Yge rL_0cdot Yge r, and rle C_0 is the claim.
+P_0· Yge rL_0· Yge r, and rle C_0 is the claim.
Finally, cite[Theorem~1.3]{BZ} applies to every multiple of its
prescribed integer; a common multiple of the finitely many integers
m_1,...,m_n gives the last assertion.
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ Let X be a normal integral projective variety that is not
uniruled, and let L be a nef Cartier divisor of full nef dimension
on X. Then there is a complement X^circ of a countable union of
proper closed subsets of X with the following property. If Y is
-a smooth integral projective variety and gcolon Yto X is
+a smooth integral projective variety and g: Yto X is
generically finite onto a positive-dimensional image that meets
X^circ, then g^*L has full nef dimension, Y is not uniruled,
and K_Y is pseudo-effective.
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ subvariety are computed after pullback to its normalization and a
smooth projective resolution, because the subvariety itself may be
singular.
-A linear system mathcal HcalHsubset H^0(Z,OO_Z(kR)) has a
+A linear system H H^0(Z,OO_Z(kR)) has a
base ideal mathfrak bfrakb defined as the ideal generated by its
sections in OO_Z; its zero locus is the base locus. A base
component V is isolated at the generic point of V when the
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ localized ideal mathfrak bfrakbOO_{Z,eta_V} is primary for the
maximal ideal mathfrak mfrakm of OO_{Z,eta_V}. In this case there
is a well-defined multiplicity h with
mathfrak bfrakbOO_{Z,eta_V}subsetmathfrak m^h,frakm^h, measuring how
-strongly mathcal HcalH vanishes along V at its generic point.
+strongly H vanishes along V at its generic point.
The first input is a numerical version of the
Kawakita--Ambro adjunction for a lc-trivial fibration:
@@ -1026,12 +1026,12 @@ Let Z be a projective Q-factorial klt variety, let Θge0
be a rational divisor, and let Vsubset Z be integral of dimension
f>0. Suppose (Z,Θ) is log canonical at the generic point of
V, and admits a divisor of log discrepancy zero centered on V. If
-P is a nef rational Cartier divisor on V and rhocolon V^*to V
+P is a nef rational Cartier divisor on V and rho: V^*to V
is a smooth projective resolution factoring through its
normalization, then
[
- K_{V^*}cdot(rho^*P)^{f-1}
- le (K_Z+Θ)|_Vcdot P^{f-1}.
+ K_{V^*}·(rho^*P)^{f-1}
+ le (K_Z+Θ)|_V· P^{f-1}.
]
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ The second input transfers a base component to a genuine pair:
Let Z be a projective Q-factorial klt variety of dimension d,
let R be a nef rational Cartier divisor, and let k>0 be an integer
such that kR is Cartier. Let
-0nemathcal HcalHsubset H^0(Z,OO_Z(kR)) be a linear subspace with
+0neH H^0(Z,OO_Z(kR)) be a linear subspace with
proper base locus and base ideal mathfrak b.frakb. Suppose that
V is an integral base-locus component of dimension f<d, isolated
at its generic point eta_V, and that eta_Vin Z_{sm}.
@@ -1067,9 +1067,9 @@ at eta_V and has a log canonical place centered on V. The
degree and canonical bounds are
- R^fcdot V&le(k/h)^{d-f}R^d,
- K_{V^*}cdot R^{f-1}
- &le(K_Z+cR)|_Vcdot R^{f-1}(f>0),
+ R^f· V&le(k/h)^{d-f}R^d,
+ K_{V^*}· R^{f-1}
+ &le(K_Z+cR)|_V· R^{f-1}(f>0),
where V^* is a smooth projective resolution. The degree bound
@@ -1094,18 +1094,18 @@ k>0 such that kR is Cartier. Choose positive real numbers
tau_0<...<tau_d with common gap delta>0. For xin
Z_{sm}, put
[
- mathcal H_i(x)=H^0(Z,calH_i(x)=H^0(Z,OO_Z(kR)
+ H_i(x)=H^0(Z,OO_Z(kR)
⊗ mathfrak m_x^frakm_x^{lceil ktau_irceil}).
]
Suppose that for very general x all these spaces are nonzero, and
-that the base locus of mathcal H_0(x)calH_0(x) has a positive-dimensional
+that the base locus of H_0(x) has a positive-dimensional
component through x. If kdeltage4, then, after an algebraic
parameter extension and restriction to nonempty open subsets, there
are: an integral parameter variety T with a dominant marked-point
-map xcolon Tto Z_{sm}; an index iin{0,...,d-1}
+map x: Tto Z_{sm}; an index iin{0,...,d-1}
fixed throughout; and a family of integral subvarieties V_t
containing x(t) and common to the base loci of mathcal
-H_i(x(t))calH_i(x(t)) and mathcal H_calH_{i+1}(x(t)). The incidence
+H_i(x(t))calH_i(x(t)) and H_{i+1}(x(t)). The incidence
[
Gamma={(t,z):zin V_t}subset Ttimes Z
]
@@ -1114,19 +1114,19 @@ dominates Z.
For general t, the dimension f of V_t lies in [1,d-1],
V_t is an isolated component of the higher base locus at its
generic point, and the entire higher-kernel base ideal is contained
-there in the ordinary power mathcal I_calI_{V_t}^h, where
+there in the ordinary power I_{V_t}^h, where
[
h=lceil kdelta/2rceil, k/hle2/delta.
]
The incidence base ideal is likewise contained in
-mathcal I_calI_Gamma^h on a dense open of Gamma. These
+I_ on a dense open of Gamma. These
containments are taken in the smooth ambient open. If Z is also
Q-factorial and klt, then
- R^fcdot V_t&le(2/delta)^{d-f}R^d,
- K_{V_t^*}cdot R^{f-1}
- &le(K_Z+cR)|_{V_t}cdot R^{f-1},
+ R^f· V_t&le(2/delta)^{d-f}R^d,
+ K_{V_t^*}· R^{f-1}
+ &le(K_Z+cR)|_{V_t}· R^{f-1},
0<cle2(d-f)/delta.
@@ -1147,14 +1147,14 @@ morphism:
[Restriction of an isolated base ideal,
{cite[Lemma~7.4]{LA}}]
-In the setting of Lemma~j:moving-kernel, let gcolon Zto B
+In the setting of Lemma~j:moving-kernel, let g: Zto B
be a morphism. There is a dense open of the incidence with the
following property. Choose (t,z) in this open, put b=g(z), and
suppose V_t is smooth over a smooth open of its actual image at
z. Let F be the reduced component through z of the scheme
fibre of V_tto g(V_t). Near z in Z_b, the restricted
higher-kernel base ideal has support exactly F and is contained
-in the ordinary power mathcal I_F^h.calI_F^h.
+in the ordinary power I_F^h.
If F is proper in an integral ambient fibre component containing
it, the restricted series is nonzero there and F is an isolated
@@ -1177,21 +1177,21 @@ a finite list once the branch divisors do not sweep:
{cite[Lemma~7.5]{LA}}]
Let Y be a normal integral projective variety, let
-mathcal VcalVto T be a smooth projective family with integral fibres
-over an integral parameter variety, and let gcolonmathcal VcalVto Y
+V T be a smooth projective family with integral fibres
+over an integral parameter variety, and let gcolonV Y
be a morphism. Suppose the general fibre maps
-g_tcolon V_tto Y are dominant and generically finite of degree
+g_t: V_tto Y are dominant and generically finite of degree
at most a fixed integer e.
After a finite parameter extension and shrinking, spread the
geometric generic components of the zero divisor of the relative
Jacobian over Y_{sm} to divisors
-mathcal R_1,...,calR_1,...,mathcal R_NcalR_N in mathcal V.calV. Retain this
+R_1,...,calR_1,...,R_N in V. Retain this
notation after the base change. Let I consist of those j for
-which g_t((mathcal R_j)_t)barcalR_j)_t)bar is a divisor in Y for
+which g_t((R_j)_t)bar is a divisor in Y for
general t. Assume
[
- g(mathcal R_j)barcalR_j)barne Yqquad(jin I).
+ g(R_j)bar Y (jin I).
]
After shrinking again, there is a smooth nonempty open
Y^circsubset Y over which every general finite normal Stein
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ finite lists may depend on all fixed parameters of the family.
The hypothesis removes Y_{sing} and the finitely many
-proper image closures g(mathcal R_j)barcalR_j)bar for jin I.
+proper image closures g(R_j)bar for jin I.
Every branch prime of a general Stein cover is accounted for by one
of these relative Jacobian components, so purity makes the
restricted covers 'etale. The fundamental group of the resulting
@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ its restriction to this fixed open.
The base-component estimates require a Q-factorial ambient
variety. When the ambient is only klt, we may pass to a small
-projective Q-factorialization sigmacolon Z'to Z. This
+projective Q-factorialization sigma: Z'to Z. This
passage is made only for components that meet the isomorphism open of
sigma. The strict transforms then retain the generic
base-ideal and multiplicity conditions for the pulled-back series,
@@ -1281,8 +1281,8 @@ for all t. After discarding finitely many t we may assume
Every curve through a very general point of X has positive
integral L-degree, hence P-degree at least r (on such a curve,
-Pcdot C = r(L+tA)cdot C ge r because Lcdot Cge1 and
-Acdot Cge0). Therefore a covering family of curves of bounded
+P· C = r(L+tA)· C ge r because L· Cge1 and
+A· Cge0). Therefore a covering family of curves of bounded
P-degree will contradict full nef dimension.
We will use the same obstruction on subvarieties and covers, so we
@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ K_W by an effective L-exceptional divisor. In particular W,
and therefore X, is not uniruled [cite].
By Lemma~j:very-general-images, if Y is a smooth projective
-variety with a generically finite map gcolon Yto X onto a
+variety with a generically finite map g: Yto X onto a
positive-dimensional image that meets a sufficiently very general
point of X, then Y is not uniruled, K_Y is pseudo-effective,
and the pullback L_Y=g^*L has full nef dimension. If
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ Lemma~j:very-general-images.
Consequently, for f<n it suffices to find a nef testing divisor
P_Y on such Y with
[
- 0<P_Y^fle C_0, P_Y-rL_Y nef,qquadand
+ 0<P_Y^fle C_0, P_Y-rL_Y nef, and
K_YP_Y^{f-1}le C, P_Y^f,
]
where C_0 and C are independent of t. Indeed
@@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@ powers makes k arbitrarily large and divisible.
Choose n+1 levels
[
tau_i=frac32rho+ideltaquad(0le ile n),
- qquaddelta=(2rho)/(n).
+ delta=(2rho)/(n).
]
These lie strictly between rho and 4rho. For a sufficiently
large divisible k, the corresponding full jet kernels are nonzero
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ Set
Z=PP(OO_X(L)_1 ⊕ OO_X(L)_2)
xrightarrow{pi}Xtimes X,
- qquadxi=c_1(OO_Z(1)),
+ xi=c_1(OO_Z(1)),
R=P_1+P_2+qxi,
where q is a positive integer to be fixed shortly. We use the
@@ -1467,7 +1467,7 @@ pi_*(xi^j)=L^{j-1}.
For a nef rational Cartier divisor R and a smooth point z, its
Seshadri constant is
[
- ε(R;z)=inf_{Cni z}(Rcdot C)/(mult_z C),
+ ε(R;z)=inf_{Cni z}(R· C)/(mult_z C),
]
where C ranges over integral curves through z. A lower bound
for this constant controls the degree of curves through z relative
@@ -1513,16 +1513,16 @@ nonzero for sufficiently large divisible k, because the highest
level has d-th power smaller than R^d. More explicitly: the
length of the quotient by jets of order <ktau is
binom{ktau+d}{d}sim(ktau)^d/d!, and the number of sections is
-chi(OO(kR))sim(kR)^d/d!=(ktau)^d/d!cdot (R/tau)^d, which
+chi(OO(kR))sim(kR)^d/d!=(ktau)^d/d!· (R/tau)^d, which
dominates as long as tau^d<R^d. For our chosen levels
tau_i<(c_nqε^{2n})^{1/d}le (R^d)^{1/d}, this holds.
Failure of (j:large-seshadri) supplies, through each very
-general point, a curve C with Rcdot C/mult_zC smaller than the
+general point, a curve C with R· C/mult_zC smaller than the
lowest level tau_0. Every section in the lowest kernel vanishes
identically on C: otherwise its intersection with C would be at
least its vanishing order times mult_zC, contradicting the degree
-inequality Rcdot C<tau_0mult_zC and the order bound ktau_0.
+inequality R· C<tau_0mult_zC and the order bound ktau_0.
Thus the lowest base locus has a positive-dimensional component
through the marked point.
@@ -1532,13 +1532,13 @@ components Vsubset Z whose incidence dominates Z. For general
members of dimension f, the estimates are
- 0<R^fcdot V&le(2/delta)^{d-f}R^d,
- K_{V^*}R^{f-1}&le(K_Z+cR)|_Vcdot R^{f-1},
+ 0<R^f· V&le(2/delta)^{d-f}R^d,
+ K_{V^*}R^{f-1}&le(K_Z+cR)|_V· R^{f-1},
0<cle 2(d-f)/delta.
Here and below, classes on a resolution are understood by pullback.
-The positivity R^fcdot V>0 follows from ampleness of R. General
+The positivity R^f· V>0 follows from ampleness of R. General
members meet the torus open, so (j:axes-canonical) makes the
ambient canonical contribution nonpositive. All constants in these
bounds are uniform once q,ε,delta have been fixed.
@@ -1563,18 +1563,18 @@ le n. The ambient fibre of either projection Zto X over a
smooth point is the slice Z_{sl} of dimension n+1.
Lemma~j:fiber-restriction gives a nonzero restricted subseries
with F an isolated base component, whose base ideal is contained in
-mathcal I_F^hcalI_F^h with h=lceil kdelta/2rceil. Generic smoothness
+I_F^h with h=lceil kdelta/2rceil. Generic smoothness
is imposed over the actual image of V, which is why a general fibre
through the incidence point was chosen; the chosen point is smooth
in the ambient slice by the very general choice. Applying
Lemma~j:base-component on that slice gives
- 0<R_{sl}^{f_{sl}}cdot F
+ 0<R_{sl}^{f_{sl}}· F
&le(2/delta)^{n+1-f_{sl}}
R_{sl}^{n+1},
K_{F^*} R_{sl}^{f_{sl}-1}
- &le(K_{Z_{sl}}+cR_{sl})|_F
+ &le(K_{Z_{sl}}+R_{sl})|_F
R_{sl}^{f_{sl}-1},
@@ -1608,7 +1608,7 @@ coincide with the full PP^1-bundle over W_0. Write
w=dim W_0=f_{sl}-1.
If w=0, then F is a projective-line fibre and
-R_{sl}cdot F=q. The first inequality in
+R_{sl}· F=q. The first inequality in
(j:slice-bounds), together with (j:bundle-volumes) and
(j:slice-gap), gives
[
@@ -1618,13 +1618,13 @@ R_{sl}cdot F=q. The first inequality in
impossible.
Suppose w>0. Resolve W_0 to W_0^*, and take as a resolution
-of F the induced projective bundle p_0colon F^*to W_0^*. Its
+of F the induced projective bundle p_0: F^*to W_0^*. Its
relative canonical divisor is -2xi+p_0^*L, exactly the
restriction of K_{Z_{sl}}. Cancelling this term in
(j:slice-bounds) gives
p_0^*K_{W_0^*}R_{sl}^w
- le cR_{sl}^{w+1}cdot F.
+ le R_{sl}^{w+1}· F.
The divisor K_{W_0^*} is pseudo-effective by the very general point
condition. On expanding the left side of (j:saturated-canonical)
@@ -1633,18 +1633,18 @@ wqK_{W_0^*}P^{w-1}; every other nonzero term is nonnegative, since
it pairs the pseudo-effective K_{W_0^*} with nef classes. On the
right, the expansion used for (j:bundle-volumes) gives
- (w+1)qP^wcdot W_0
- le R_{sl}^{w+1}cdot F
- le C'_n qP^wcdot W_0,
+ (w+1)qP^w· W_0
+ le R_{sl}^{w+1}· F
+ le C'_n qP^w· W_0,
using rge q. The leading coefficient in the lower bound is the
term with exactly one xi, as before. The first inequality in
-(j:slice-bounds) then bounds 0<P^wcdot W_0 uniformly from
+(j:slice-bounds) then bounds 0<P^w· W_0 uniformly from
above, and (j:saturated-volume)'s leading coefficient bounds it
from below. Equations (j:saturated-canonical)--(j:saturated-volume)
together give
[
- K_{W_0^*}P^{w-1}le(cC'_n)/(w)P^wcdot W_0.
+ K_{W_0^*}P^{w-1}le(cC'_n)/(w)P^w· W_0.
]
Now apply (j:lower-big) on W_0^*, with the pullback of P as
the testing class and L as the full-nef-dimension divisor.
@@ -1664,10 +1664,10 @@ associated rational section, or equivalently its projection, gives
For either axis S, the classes R_{sl}-qS and
R_{sl}-P are nef. Intersecting with the effective cycle
-Scdot F and then using nefness on F yields
+S· F and then using nefness on F yields
- qD_iP^{n-1}le qScdot Fcdot R_{sl}^{n-1}
- le R_{sl}^ncdot F.
+ qD_iP^{n-1}le qS· F· R_{sl}^{n-1}
+ le R_{sl}^n· F.
Thus both axis-image degrees are uniformly bounded.
@@ -1683,7 +1683,7 @@ would give an ordinary MMP ending at a good model Y whose
transformed adjoint is rationally linearly trivial. The transform of
K_X is then linearly trivial as well, so the effective transform
of G must vanish: every component of G has been contracted.
-On a common resolution acolon Uto X and b_Ycolon Uto Y,
+On a common resolution a: Uto X and b_Y: Uto Y,
relation (j:signed-L) then expresses a^*L up to rational
linear equivalence as a signed b_Y-exceptional divisor E.
Divisors exceptional over X remain exceptional over Y, because
@@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@ The already proved positive-Iitaka-dimension case
Its full-positivity hypothesis holds because L has full nef
dimension and K_X+bG is pseudo-effective.
-Take a log resolution acolon Yto X of G, and let D_0 be the
+Take a log resolution a: Yto X of G, and let D_0 be the
reduced simple normal crossing divisor consisting of the strict
support of G together with every exceptional divisor. Decrease b
if necessary; Proposition~prop:full-positive still applies.
@@ -1750,9 +1750,9 @@ For the remaining V: dimension n, dominant over both factors of
Xtimes X. Equation~(j:total-component-bounds) gives uniform
bounds
- R^ncdot Vle C,
+ R^n· Vle C,
- K_{V^*}R^{n-1}le cR^ncdot Vle C,
+ K_{V^*}R^{n-1}le cR^n· Vle C,
after increasing C. Each projection has bounded degree:
R-P_i is nef, and P^n is bounded below.
@@ -1776,14 +1776,14 @@ positive because its image meets X_{sm} generically. The
difference R-P_i is nef, so (j:correspondence-bounds) and the
projection formula bound
[
- 0<d_J:=P^{n-1}cdot Jle C.
+ 0<d_J:=P^{n-1}· Jle C.
]
On a resolution J^*, Lemma~j:subadjunction, applied to
(X,J) at the generic point of J, gives
K_{J^*}P^{n-2}
- &le(K_X+J)cdot Jcdot P^{n-2}
+ &le(K_X+J)· J· P^{n-2}
&=J^2P^{n-2}
lefrac{(JP^{n-1})^2}{P^n}le C' d_J.
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ therefore return to an original member V^* of this pair, which
retains (j:correspondence-bounds), and resolve further to
obtain a birational morphism
[
- p_0colon V^*→ A_0
+ p_0: V^*→ A_0
]
to an abelian variety. Higher resolutions do not change the
canonical intersection with the pulled-back (n-1)-st power of R.
@@ -1976,12 +1976,12 @@ fixed positive integers l_i for which l_iH is Cartier, with
mu_{min}(Ω_W^1|_C)ge0.
On the projective bundle
[
- Z=PP(mathcal O_W(S)_1calO_W(S)_1 ⊕ mathcal O_W(S)_2)calO_W(S)_2)
+ Z=PP(O_W(S)_1 ⊕ O_W(S)_2)
→ Wtimes W,
- xi=c_1(mathcal O_Z(1)),calO_Z(1)),
+ xi=c_1(O_Z(1)),
M=D_1+D_2+qxi,
]
-use the convention that the direct image of mathcal O_Z(acalO_Z(axi) is
+use the convention that the direct image of O_Z(a is
the a-th symmetric power of the displayed sum for age0; subscripts
indicate pullback from the corresponding factor of Wtimes W. The
two axes are the sections defined by the two summands. A smooth point
@@ -1994,12 +1994,12 @@ curve class
[
gamma=f_*(A_1... A_{n-1}),
]
-where fcolon Vtowidehatwidehat WW is one fixed birational morphism,
+where f: Vtowidehatwidehat WW is one fixed birational morphism,
V is smooth integral projective, and the A_i are ample integral
-Cartier divisors, such that Jcdotgamma>0 and
+Cartier divisors, such that J·gamma>0 and
- pi_x^*(D+K_W/2+lambda S)cdotgamma
- le 40ε, Jcdotgammaquad(0lelambdale q).
+ pi_x^*(D+K_W/2+lambda S)·gamma
+ le 40ε, J·gammaquad(0lelambdale q).
It suffices to check the two endpoints in this affine inequality.
@@ -2024,7 +2024,7 @@ Put Λ=prod_{i=1}^{n-1}l_i. The complete-intersection flag
satisfies
[C]=Λ H^{n-1},
- h_icdot C=l_iΛ H^n.
+ h_i· C=l_iΛ H^n.
Choose one sufficiently ample integral Cartier divisor T_0 so that
every T_0+aS, for integers 0le ale(k_0-1)q, has a section
@@ -2069,7 +2069,7 @@ specialization of the characteristic-zero effective cone is used.
For a sufficiently large residual characteristic p, set
[
- N_p=lfloor p/k_0rfloor,
+ N_p=floor( p/k_0),
B_p=k_0N_pD+T_0.
]
Then the sections of pqxi+B_{p,1}+B_{p,2} generate jets through
@@ -2115,12 +2115,12 @@ cite[proof of Proposition~2.12, Equation~(2.8)]{MustataSchwede}.
## Full rank from the two-slot jets
-Let Fcolon Wto W' be the relative Frobenius to the base-field
+Let F: Wto W' be the relative Frobenius to the base-field
twist. It is finite flat because W is smooth. Write S' for the
twist of S, so F^*S'=pS, and define
[
- mathcal E=F_*calE=F_*OO_W(B_p),
- s=rkmathcal E=p^n,calE=p^n,
+ E=F_*calE=F_*OO_W(B_p),
+ s=rkE=p^n,
R=s^2.
]
For integers 0le ale q, put
@@ -2130,7 +2130,7 @@ evaluation map on W'times W':
⊕_{substack{a+b=qa,bge0}}
U_a ⊗ U_b ⊗
OO(-aS'_1-bS'_2)
- → mathcal EcalEboxtimesmathcal E.calE.
+ → E E.calE.
@@ -2182,32 +2182,32 @@ The Frobenius fiber product has the cartesian square
Its reduced subscheme is the diagonal W. Set
[
- mathcal L_p=calL_p=OO_{Delta_F}(B_{p,1}+B_{p,2}+pqS_1).
+ L_p={Delta_F}(B_{p,1}+B_{p,2}+pqS_1).
]
-Write h=Fcircpr_1=Fcircpr_2colon
+Write h=Fcircpr_1=Fcircpr_2:
Delta_Fto W'. On this fiber product,
[
- OO(pS_1)simeq h^*OO_{W'}(S')simeqOO(pS_2).
+ OO(pS_1)~= h^*OO_{W'}(S')~=OO(pS_2).
]
Consequently every pair of weights a+b=q gives the same line bundle:
[
OO_{Delta_F}(B_{p,1}+B_{p,2}+paS_1+pbS_2)
- simeqmathcal L_p.calL_p.
+ ~=L_p.
]
On the diagonal of W'times W', every source twist of
(fr:two-slot-evaluation) becomes -qS'. Finite base change
and the projection formula identify the twisted target as
[
- (mathcal EcalE ⊗ mathcal E)(qS')calE)(qS')simeq h_*mathcal L_p.calL_p.
+ (E ⊗ E)(qS')calE)(qS')~= h_*L_p.
]
The product sections defining the columns restrict to global
-sections of this one bundle mathcal L_p.calL_p. Their values at a
+sections of this one bundle L_p. Their values at a
diagonal point therefore lie in the image of
-H^0(Delta_F,mathcal L_p)calL_p) in the corresponding fibre of
-h_*mathcal L_p.calL_p. This proves that the rank at every diagonal point
+H^0(Delta_F,L_p) in the corresponding fibre of
+h_*L_p. This proves that the rank at every diagonal point
is at most
- h^0(Delta_F,mathcal L_p).calL_p).
+ h^0(Delta_F,L_p).
For a rank-n bundle V in characteristic p, denote by A_j(V)
@@ -2220,10 +2220,10 @@ of V^{ ⊗ j}. Set
u=n(p-1), e_j=rk A_j(V),
sum_{j=0}^u e_j=p^n.
]
-Filtering mathcal L_pcalL_p by powers of the ideal of the reduced
+Filtering L_p by powers of the ideal of the reduced
diagonal in Delta_F gives the graded bundles
- mathcal G_j=calG_j=OO_W(2B_p+pqS) ⊗ A_j(Ω_W^1),
+ G_j=+pqS) ⊗ A_j(Ω_W^1),
0le jle u.
Indeed, in smooth local coordinates, the algebra is generated by
@@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@ be performed 'etale locally or in completions and identifies the
global associated graded with (fr:diagonal-graded). This is
the diagonal ideal form of the canonical Frobenius filtration
cite[Corollary~3.5]{KS}. The same calculation, using only the
-bundle from the second factor, filters F^*mathcal EcalE with pieces
+bundle from the second factor, filters F^*E with pieces
cite[Theorem~3.7]{Sun}
OO_W(B_p) ⊗ A_j(Ω_W^1).
@@ -2241,7 +2241,7 @@ cite[Theorem~3.7]{Sun}
Complementary multiplication is a perfect pairing:
- A_{u-j}(V)simeq A_j(V)^vee ⊗ (det V)^{p-1}.
+ A_{u-j}(V)~= A_j(V)^vee ⊗ (det V)^{p-1}.
On monomials, each exponent vector is paired with its complement to
(p-1,...,p-1). The top line transforms by the character
@@ -2263,7 +2263,7 @@ There is a constant cge0, independent of the sufficiently large
residual characteristic p and of j, such that for
V=Ω_W^1|_C one has
[
- mu_{max}(A_j(V))le(p-1)K_Wcdot C+nc.
+ mu_{max}(A_j(V))le(p-1)K_W· C+nc.
]
@@ -2312,8 +2312,8 @@ pairing (fr:socle-pairing) gives
mu_{max}(A_j(V))
&= (p-1)degdet V-mu_{min}(A_{u-j}(V))
- &le(p-1)K_Wcdot C+((u-j)c)/(p-1)
- &le(p-1)K_Wcdot C+nc.
+ &le(p-1)K_W· C+((u-j)c)/(p-1)
+ &le(p-1)K_W· C+nc.
@@ -2322,7 +2322,7 @@ list. Combining (fr:intersection-bounds),
(fr:flag-degrees), and Lemma~fr:truncated-slope,
therefore gives, uniformly for 0le jle u,
- mu_{max}(mathcal G_j|_C)calG_j|_C)
+ mu_{max}(G_j|_C)calG_j|_C)
&le p(4+2/r)Λ H^n+O(1)notag
&le M_p:=7pΛ H^n+c_0,
@@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@ harmless room in this common bound.
For all sufficiently large p,
[
- h^0(Delta_F,mathcal L_p)calL_p)
+ h^0(Delta_F,L_p)
le R(7^nH^n+O(1/p))<R/4.
]
The error constant is independent of the filtration index j.
@@ -2348,21 +2348,21 @@ Write the fixed flag as
At step k, fix the preceding nonnegative integers
b_1,...,b_{k-1} and put
[
- mathcal F_k=calF_k=mathcal G_j|_calG_j|_{W_{n-k+1}}(-sum_{i<k}b_ih_i).
+ F_k= G_j|_calG_j|_{W_{n-k+1}}(-sum_{i<k}b_ih_i).
]
For each b_kge0, the divisor restriction sequence is
[
- 0→mathcal F_k(-(b_k+1)h_k)calF_k(-(b_k+1)h_k)
- →mathcal F_k(-b_kh_k)calF_k(-b_kh_k)
- →mathcal F_k(-b_kh_k)|_calF_k(-b_kh_k)|_{W_{n-k}}
+ 0→F_k(-(b_k+1)h_k)calF_k(-(b_k+1)h_k)
+ →F_k(-b_kh_k)calF_k(-b_kh_k)
+ →F_k(-b_kh_k)|_calF_k(-b_kh_k)|_{W_{n-k}}
→0.
]
Iterating it for b_k=0,1,... and then proceeding to the next
member of the flag bounds the section space by
- h^0(W,mathcal G_j)calG_j)le
+ h^0(W,G_j)
sum_{b_1,...,b_{n-1}ge0}
- h^0(C,mathcal G_j|_C(-calG_j|_C(-sum_i b_ih_i|_C)).
+ h^0(C,G_j|_C(-calG_j|_C(-sum_i b_ih_i|_C)).
At each stage, the remainder is zero after sufficiently negative
ample twisting. Its stopping index need not be uniform in j,p or
@@ -2370,13 +2370,13 @@ in the preceding twists: enlarging the nonnegative finite sums to
the displayed lattice sum preserves the inequality.
A summand in (fr:flag-lattice-sum) vanishes when
-sum_i b_i(h_icdot C)>M_p, because then its maximum slope is
+sum_i b_i(h_i· C)>M_p, because then its maximum slope is
negative. Each nonzero summand has at most e_j(M_p+1) sections.
-Indeed, evaluation at lfloor M_prfloor+1 distinct points is
+Indeed, evaluation at floor( M_p)+1 distinct points is
injective; the kernel has negative maximum slope after subtracting
those points. By (fr:flag-degrees) it follows that
- h^0(W,mathcal G_j)calG_j)
+ h^0(W,G_j)
&le e_j(M_p+1)
prod_{i=1}^{n-1}(1+(M_p)/(l_iΛ H^n))notag
&=e_jp^n(7^nH^n+O(1/p)).
@@ -2403,15 +2403,15 @@ Choose R generically independent columns of
(fr:two-slot-evaluation) from bases of its source vector spaces.
Their determinant is a nonzero section
[
- 0nesigmain H^0(W'times W',mathcal Q_1calQ_1boxtimesmathcal Q_2)calQ_2)
+ 0nesigmain H^0(W'times W',Q_1 Q_2)calQ_2)
]
of an actual external-product line bundle. To specify its factors,
let m_i be the sum of the weights of the R chosen columns in slot
i. The target determinant is
-(detmathcal E)^scalE)^sboxtimes(detmathcal E)^s,calE)^s, and the chosen source
+(detE)^s, and the chosen source
determinant is OO(-m_1S')boxtimesOO(-m_2S'). Thus
[
- mathcal Q_i=(calQ_i=(detmathcal E)^calE)^{ ⊗ s}
+ Q_i=( E)^calE)^{ ⊗ s}
⊗ OO_{W'}(m_iS'),
lambda_i=m_i/R.
]
@@ -2420,8 +2420,8 @@ independently of the columns chosen.
Under the numerical identification with the base-field twist,
- frac{c_1(mathcal Q_i)}calQ_i)R
- =frac{c_1(mathcal E)}calE)s+lambda_iS
+ frac{c_1(Q_i)}
+ =frac{c_1(E)}+lambda_iS
=frac{B_p}p+(p-1)/(2p)K_W+lambda_iS,
0lelambda_ile q.
@@ -2433,13 +2433,13 @@ Chern class e_j(p-1)K_W. Summing gives
[
sum_jc_1(A_j(Ω_W^1))=frac{s(p-1)}2K_W.
]
-Thus c_1(F^*mathcal E)=sB_p+s(p-1)K_W/2,calE)=sB_p+s(p-1)K_W/2, and Frobenius pullback of
+Thus c_1(F^*E)=sB_p+s(p-1)K_W/2,calE)=sB_p+s(p-1)K_W/2, and Frobenius pullback of
twisted divisor classes multiplies by p, as required.
For 0lelambdale q, the fixed movable inequality (fr:movable-input)
gives
[
- (D+K_W/2+lambda S)cdotgammale40ε Jcdotgamma,
+ (D+K_W/2+lambda S)·gammale40ε J·gamma,
]
where pullback by pi_x is understood. This concerns only
intersections of fixed divisors and the fixed complete-intersection
@@ -2454,10 +2454,10 @@ T_0-aD-K_W/2, ain{0,...,k_0-1}. The resulting error after
intersection with gamma is therefore O(p^{-1}), uniformly over
the selected determinant columns.
-Let x' be the twisted point, and let 0netau_iin H^0(W',mathcal Q_i).calQ_i).
+Let x' be the twisted point, and let 0netau_iin H^0(W',Q_i).
The strict transform of the effective divisor of tau_i on the
blowup at x' pairs nonnegatively with the twist of gamma. Since
-Jcdotgamma>0, it follows that
+J·gamma>0, it follows that
frac{ord_{x'}(tau_i)}Rle40ε+O(1/p).
@@ -2466,7 +2466,7 @@ argument tests sections on the reduction itself; it does not require
them to lift to characteristic zero.
K"unneth identifies the space containing sigma with
-H^0(W',mathcal Q_1)calQ_1) ⊗ H^0(W',mathcal Q_2).calQ_2). Choose bases
+H^0(W',Q_1) ⊗ H^0(W',Q_2). Choose bases
adapted to the orders of vanishing at x' in each factor. In each
degree, leading terms are linearly independent. Tensor products of
these leading terms remain independent in each bidegree, since the
@@ -2522,7 +2522,7 @@ and the projective bundle in (eq:bundle). Every remaining
choice is made over C before reducing to positive characteristic.
The divisors and the flag.: Choose a smooth projective
-resolution wcolon Wto X and set
+resolution w: Wto X and set
[
D=w^*P, S=w^*L, H_0=w^*P.
]
@@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ movable curves [cite], the strict separation
in~(fr:application-not-pe) is detected by a class
[
gamma=f_*(A_1... A_{n-1}),
- fcolon V→widehatwidehat W,W,
+ f: V→widehatwidehat W,W,
]
where V is smooth projective, f is birational, and the A_i are
ample integral Cartier divisors. To obtain this form, first choose a
@@ -2637,10 +2637,10 @@ generating strongly movable class with negative pairing, then
approximate its ample real classes by rational ones and clear
denominators. We have
[
- (pi_x^*D^+)cdotgamma<40ε Jcdotgamma.
+ (pi_x^*D^+)·gamma<40ε J·gamma.
]
The left side is nonnegative, because pi_x^*D^+ is
-pseudo-effective, so Jcdotgamma>0.
+pseudo-effective, so J·gamma>0.
For every 0lelambdale q,
[
@@ -2650,9 +2650,9 @@ is pseudo-effective: P-lambda L=(P-rL)+(r-lambda)L is nef, and
E is effective. Pulling back to widehatwidehat WW and pairing with
gamma therefore gives
[
- pi_x^*(D+K_W/2+lambda S)cdotgamma
- le(pi_x^*D^+)cdotgamma
- <40ε Jcdotgamma.
+ pi_x^*(D+K_W/2+lambda S)·gamma
+ le(pi_x^*D^+)·gamma
+ <40ε J·gamma.
]
This proves Hypothesis~(iii). All hypotheses of
Theorem~thm:finite-data now hold for one fixed collection of
@@ -2687,7 +2687,7 @@ divisible multiple is linearly trivial.
Take the global index-one cover
[
- picolon X^{ind}→ X
+ pi: X^{ind}→ X
]
associated with a trivialization of the smallest positive multiple
of K_X that is linearly trivial. This is a finite quasi-'etale
@@ -2701,7 +2701,7 @@ canonical. By the crepant terminalization theorem
cite[Corollary~1.4.3]{BCHM}, there is a projective birational
morphism
[
- hcolon widetilde X→ X^{ind}
+ h: widetilde X→ X^{ind}
]
with widetilde X terminal and Q-factorial and
K_{widetilde X}=h^*K_{X^{ind}}sim 0.
@@ -2730,8 +2730,8 @@ Choose a rational alpha>0 sufficiently small that
]
Then T_* is pseudo-effective and kappa(T_*)ge0. The full
condition holds for T_* and M: at a curve C through a point
-outside Supp B, T_*cdot C=alpha Bcdot Cge0, while
-Mcdot C>0 if that point is very general.
+outside Supp B, T_*· C=alpha B· Cge0, while
+M· C>0 if that point is very general.
We do not use (P_n) here; the argument uses only
Lemma~lemma:two-nef-model and the B=0 case just proved.
@@ -2778,8 +2778,8 @@ The difference D:=E_1-E_0=p^*(sM)-q^*(sN) is q-exceptional:
its pushforward under q is sN-sN=0. We claim D is also
q-nef. Indeed, if C is any curve contracted by q, then
[
- Dcdot C=p^*(sM)cdot C-q^*(sN)cdot C
- =sMcdot p_*C-0ge0,
+ D· C=p^*(sM)· C-q^*(sN)· C
+ =sM· p_*C-0ge0,
]
because M is nef and q^*N is numerically trivial on the
q-contracted C. The negativity lemma then gives Dge0.
@@ -2819,14 +2819,14 @@ to X itself, using that X has rational singularities.
The positive part P_sigma satisfies the following properties.
- If pcolon Vto X is a projective birational morphism from a
+ If p: Vto X is a projective birational morphism from a
smooth projective V to a normal projective X, and D is a
pseudo-effective rational divisor on X, and Ege0 is
p-exceptional, then
[
P_sigma(p^*D+E)=P_sigma(p^*D).
]
- If fcolon Vto S is a surjective morphism of smooth
+ If f: Vto S is a surjective morphism of smooth
projective varieties, D is pseudo-effective on S, and
P_sigma(D) is nef, then
[
@@ -2859,7 +2859,7 @@ rational singularities. Recall that klt varieties have rational
singularities.
-Let pcolon Wto X be a projective birational morphism from a
+Let p: Wto X be a projective birational morphism from a
smooth projective W to a normal projective X with rational
singularities. Let D be a Q-Cartier divisor on X. If
p^*D is numerically equivalent to a semiample Q-divisor on
@@ -2874,22 +2874,22 @@ the corresponding line bundles is numerically trivial. Numerically
trivial line bundles modulo Pic^0(W) are torsion. Thus, after
raising a positive integer r, there is
[
- OO_W(rA_W)simeq p^*OO_X(rD) ⊗ P_W,
+ OO_W(rA_W)~= p^*OO_X(rD) ⊗ P_W,
P_WinPic^0(W).
]
Rational singularities identify Pic^0(X) with Pic^0(W) by
pullback. Write P_W=p^*P_X for P_XinPic^0(X), and set
-mathcal A_X=calA_X=OO_X(rD) ⊗ P_X. Then
+A_X= ⊗ P_X. Then
[
- p^*mathcal A_XcalA_XsimeqOO_W(rA_W).
+ p^*A_X~=OO_W(rA_W).
]
A positive power of the line bundle on the right is globally
generated, because A_W is semiample. Since p_*OO_W=OO_X for
a birational morphism from a smooth variety, the projection formula
identifies the sections with those of the same power of mathcal
-A_X.calA_X. These sections generate downstairs. Hence mathcal A_XcalA_X is
+A_X.calA_X. These sections generate downstairs. Hence A_X is
globally generated after a sufficiently high multiple, so the
-divisor representing mathcal A_X,calA_X, divided by r, is a semiample
+divisor representing A_X, divided by r, is a semiample
Q-divisor on X numerically equivalent to D.
@@ -2906,13 +2906,13 @@ summand.
There are an integer m_0>0, a birational contraction
-varphicolon Xdashrightarrow Y between klt Q-factorial
+phi: Xdashrightarrow Y between klt Q-factorial
projective varieties, and a common smooth model W with
-pcolon Wto X and qcolon Wto Y, satisfying the following
+p: Wto X and q: Wto Y, satisfying the following
properties.
The transform T' of T=K_X+B is pseudo-effective, N (the
transform of M) is nef, and T'+m_0 N is nef on Y.
- The contraction varphi is M-trivial: on W,
+ The contraction phi is M-trivial: on W,
p^*M=q^*N.
There is an effective q-exceptional rational divisor Ege0
on W with p^*T=q^*T'+E.
@@ -2938,12 +2938,12 @@ program; we verify M-triviality.
Consider a (T+m_0M)-negative extremal ray, and let C be a
rational curve generating it. By the length bound
(Lemma~lemma:generalized-ray-bound), we may choose C with
-0<-Tcdot Cle2n. If Mcdot C>0, then m_0Mcdot Cge1 by
+0<-T· Cle2n. If M· C>0, then m_0M· Cge1 by
integrality (the divisor m_0M is Cartier). Hence
[
- (T+m_0M)cdot Cge -2n +1>0,
+ (T+m_0M)· Cge -2n +1>0,
]
-a contradiction if m_0>2n. So Mcdot C=0 on every
+a contradiction if m_0>2n. So M· C=0 on every
(T+m_0M)-negative extremal ray, and M therefore descends
through the contraction by Cartier descent in the ordinary cone
and contraction theorem. The same reasoning applies to a small
@@ -3008,7 +3008,7 @@ case.
## Descent along a nef reduction
Now suppose T+mL does not have full nef dimension. Let
-hcolon Xdashrightarrow Z_1 be the nef reduction of T+mL
+h: Xdashrightarrow Z_1 be the nef reduction of T+mL
(Definition at the start of Ssec:preliminaries), so
dim Z_1=r<n. Fix a general compact fibre F.
@@ -3110,7 +3110,7 @@ The pair (Z_2,B_{Z_2}) is klt of dimension dim Z_2<n. Let
M_{Z_2}=j^*M_1 be the pullback of M_1 to Z_2: it is nef
(random check: j is a morphism so j^*M_1 is nef). The
induction hypothesis (Z_{dim Z_2}) applies and gives a smooth
-model ncolon W_{Z_2}to Z_2 with
+model n: W_{Z_2}to Z_2 with
[
P_sigma(n^*(K_{Z_2}+B_{Z_2}+M_{Z_2}))
]
@@ -3158,7 +3158,7 @@ With both inductions established, we can now prove
Theorem~thm:main over C. Let (X,B) be a projective klt
Q-pair of dimension n, M a nef Q-Cartier divisor, and
K_X+B pseudo-effective. The sum D=K_X+B+M is nef by
-hypothesis. On any smooth birational model wcolon Wto X,
+hypothesis. On any smooth birational model w: Wto X,
[
P_sigma(w^*D)=w^*D,
]